tyran tata smith wife
createis built on the people you help, Brown told CEO.com in 2018. Tyran Smith Tyran Their relationship caused controversy given the 16-year age gap, but Smith and Van Pelt's romance continued until it eventually ended in marriage. He, unfortunately, didnt see Jays rise to fame, as he spent 16 years in prison on drug charges, but Jay-Zs personal letter to the judge helped bring him home early. Meanwhile, Smith blamed Van Pelt for their failed relationship and claimed they agreed to have an open marriage. Its not in how much money you make or what you buy or anything like that. It is a song that is perfectly aligned with my values and how I see friends; I see them as family. In 2008, Brown and Jay-Z co-founded Roc Nation, signing a 10-year, $150 million joint-venture deal with Michael Rapinos Live Nation. Their feud finally ended with a hug (after they both released multiple vicious attacks via raps about one another) this year, as Jaz has finally inked a deal with Roc Nation, but hes still not back in the inner circle quite yet. The outfitconsisting of members Mikaela Astel, Nayah Damasen, Isabel Gonzalez, and Baylee Morrisondropped theirdebut EP Winter Getaway. Check out the latest pictures, photos and images of Tyran 'Tata' Smith. Greatest Job in the World: A Conversation With Tom Kenny, the Voice of SpongeBob, Blues Clues Original Host Steve Burns Surprises Stephen Colbert on Late Show, Jay-Zs Roc Nation and Reform Alliance to Host Job Fair in New York City. A post shared by @aintnojigga on Jan 27, 2018 at 1:23pm PST, Lyric:Ty mama died, I was there, my nephew died, he was there and Ty Ty take care of my kids, after he done grievin'. Their friendship supersedes business, and while she is no longer an employee of Parkwood, she will remain an imperative part of Beyoncs life. Were not sure how true that last part is, because we havent heard from her in a while. When the sitcom ended in 1999, Taran came to a realization that he no longer wants to be an actor. Website for moms seeking advice, community, and entertainment. Both parties cited different reasons for their separation. Smith reportedly met Heidi Van Pelt when he was 14 and she was around 30. Instagram It shouldnt be that big of a surprise, given how famous both stars are. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. You could say that the godfather of their children is pretty tight in Then, you put yourself in positions where, you dont have to be there, but if you allow yourself to get used to it, youll be there. Reportedly, Beyonc didnt like Kim. label operations, music publishing and artist management. Her image is so tightly drawn that the only people she is publicly associated with is her mother Tina, her sister Solange, her cousin Angie and her Destiny Child's bandmates Kelly and Michelle but as she states, her friends are "closer than kin." Roc Nation co-founders Jay Brown and Tyran Ty Ty Smith have teamed with Nickelodeon to debut the new girl group, Good Newz Girls. Organise, control, distribute, and measure all of your digital content. WebTyran Ty-Ty Smith net worth is $1.4 Million Tyran Ty-Ty Smith Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Tyran 'Ty-Ty' Smith is an actor, known for State Property (2002) and Backstage (2000). A TASTE OF RAINMAKERS II: JAY BROWN : HITS Daily Double Jaclyn Smith Celebrates 25 Years with Husband She Loves Visits from Grandkids in House Designed for Her Kids, Billy Wayne Smith Ignored Anna Nicole Smith and Got Her Interested in Him He Became Her 1st Husband, Kevin Durant's Mom Raised Him Alone & Is His Biggest Fan More about Wanda Durant, Anna Nicole Smiths Lover Raised Their Daughter Alone after Proving Shes His Child at Custody Fight, Pierce Brosnan, 69, Finds 'Joy' in Being a Grandpa of 4 & Choosing Secluded Family Life in Hawaii, Aryn Drake-Lee: Jesse Williams and His Ex-wife Went through a Nasty Divorce, Pierce Brosnan Still Dances with Wife of 21 Years He Was 'Meant to Find' Her after Being Single Dad for Decade, Daniel Wayne Smith Was Far from a Party Animal Facts about Anna Nicole Smith's Son, Matt Smiths Sister: Laura Jayne Smith Was the One Who Persuaded The Crown Star to Pursue Acting, Tom Cruise's Dating History: From Recent Romance to His High School Sweetheart, Brendan Fraser Claimed $0 Expected Future Earnings during Divorce - Reactions to His Comeback Had Actor in Tears, 'Heartbroken' NE-Yo's Wife Claims She Is Ready to Walk Away from Him after 'Eight Years of Lies', Anna Nicole Smith's Daughter Turns 16 She's Made It through Turmoils Though 'Odds Were Stacked Against' Her, Texas Single Mom Overcame All Obstacles to Adopt Her 6 Kids: 'My Family Is One Born of Brokenness'. Desiree Perez has been a close associate of Jay-Zs for over 20years and currently works as the Chief Operating Officer at Roc Nation. Taran Noah Smith's Marriage to a Woman 16 Years His Senior Ended in a Disastrous Divorce. Nothing good comes out of it. But hes known to hip hop fans as the guy from Brooklyns Marcy Projects who Jigga Man has shouted out no fewer than 9 times since 1996. Tyran Illegally, he assisted Carter during his drug dealing days and also defended JAY'S honor against enemies such as R. Kelly and Jim Jones. WebTyran Ty-Ty Smith net worth is $1.4 Million Tyran Ty-Ty Smith Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Tyran 'Ty-Ty' Smith is an actor, known for State Property (2002) and Backstage (2000). Actually, in the Crazy in Love video, those are Tys camo pants, which just shows their familiarity and closeness more than words ever could. He also helped build and fix houses destroyed by hurricane Harvey in Texas. Maintain a balance, because nothing is more important than your kids. So Jay-Z has trusted him for many, many years, and he remains in the inner circle. Jay Brown is the co-founder and CEO of Roc Nation. Smith WebTyran 'Tata' Smith, recording artist Rihanna and actor Kevin Hart attend the Roc Nation Pre-GRAMMY Brunch Presented by MAC Viva Glam at Private Residence on January 25, 2014 in Beverly Hills, Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images I never allow myself to get used spending time away from my son, no matter what. We was in the crowd, he was on my shoulders, it was great. All it did was make me tougher. What also makes this interesting is the fact that I always thought Beyoncnever had friends. Still, the most intriguing part of this song is "Ty Ty." Tyran Carl Smith (born 15 March 1974)[3] is a New Zealand former rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. In 2014, Smith visited the Philippines to help Communitere, a disaster relief organization. Meet All Of The Friends Jay-Z Shouts Out On Friends. Born on April 8, 1985, Taran Noah Smith built his name and reputation in the entertainment industry as a young actor throughout the '90s. [13] [14] His son Reimis Smith is currently on the roster of the Melbourne Storm . | Source: Getty Images. [12], He is now a Director of Sportsplayer Management alongside John Hopoate.[13][14]. I remember watching Oprah Winfrey say that she knew if she had a kid something in her life would have had to suffer because she wouldnt be able to give it her full attention. He now holds an executive position with Roc Apparel Group, and Jay-Z also dedicated his 2006 Kingdom Come track Do U Wanna Ride to him. Smith later addressed the dispute with his parents and said, "I'd gotten out of the teenage phase and realized my parents weren't doing anything wrong but were trying to protect me.". Continuing Jay-Zs group of people who are closer than close is Jay Brown, a longtime business partner and friend. Earlier this year, Jay Z wrotea passionate op-ed forThe New York Timesabout Meeks unjust imprisonment. Smith was a huge part of Def Jam and currently has large role over at Roc Nation. She Once Posed for Photos with a Plastic Surgeon, Zach Edey's Mom Played Basketball but Couldn't Afford a Career in the Sport, Jada Pinkett Smith Is Finally Ready to Be 'Honest' about Her 'Complicated Marriage' with Will Smith, 'RHOBH' Star Sheree Zampinos Husbands: Inside Her 2 Marriages, Emmitt Smith and His Wife Separated after 20 Years of Marriage - Facts about Patricia Southall. Music is different. The former child star also claimed that Van Pelt stole money from him through their joint business venture. References: eonline.com, popsugar.com, complex.com, interviewmagazine.com. is Taran Noah Smith doing now? Wiki Most of my friends didnt, and it wasnt spoken about. WebJaden Smith and Willow Smith and Tyran 'Tata' Smith attend the Roc Nation and Three Six Zero Pre-GRAMMY Brunch at Private Residence on February 7, Roc Nation COO Desiree Perez and Tyran 'Tata' Smith attend 2020 Roc Nation THE BRUNCH on January 25, 2020 in Los Angeles, California. 'Lemonade' was Beyonc's revelation of being cheated on, '4:44' was JAY-Z asking for forgiveness and 'EVERYTHING IS LOVE' is the reformation and reparation of them as a couple. Tyran Tata Smith Premium High Res He was close with them for a whileabout as physically close as any person could bebut his life spiraled out of control, sadly, and he was fired after strange sexual acts, according to a video Jay and Bey have. is Taran Noah Smith doing now? Wiki We dont want to say that Bey and Michelle Williams arent friends, but theyre clearly not as close as the other couple from Destinys Child. Tyran Smith Here are 15 people in Jay-Z and Beyoncs inner circle, and 5 who used to be in the circle, but are out now. Its about how many people you touch. Their relationship caused controversy given the 16-year age gap, but Smith and Van Pelt's romance continued until it eventually ended in marriage. 2023 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved. With my kid, if youre talking in front of him, he can have an opinion on what youre talking about. This ones a no-brainer: of course Beyonc is close with her sister, Solange. Meanwhile, Teyana added to her own close knit family in 2015 after the birth of her baby daughter Junie with husband Iman Shumpert. What do you attribute that to? Updated: January 25, 2014 Tyran In 1997, Smith joined North Queensland who had joined the rival Super League competition during the Super League war. Structural Info Facts Filmography Known for movies State Property 2002 as Shareef Backstage 2000 as Himself Source IMDB I asked myself who is this "Tah Tah," said in Rihanna's Bajan accent. Structural Info Facts Filmography Known for movies State Property 2002 as Shareef Backstage 2000 as Himself Source IMDB Did it change anything for you? Gu is in every studio session, and he also holds the literal key to Jay-Zs musical world, as he has said in interviews. There was no was way The Carters would go on tour, under the same name, and deliver the same set. If I have to be in Tokyo on Thursday, Im on a red eye and home by Saturday morning. Its part of the culture now, to step up. 15 People Who Are Part Of Jay-Z And Beyonces Inner Circle (And 5 Who Wish They Were), 10 Things To Do After Work Instead Of Scrolling Through Your Phone, 10 Wedding Related Tasks To Delegate To Someone Else, Tips For Keeping Communication Open With Your Bridal Party, Jennifer Aniston's 10 Closest Celebrity Friends, 10 Ways To Make Your Apartment Look Instantly Chicer, 10 Actresses Making It Big In Hollywood & Rising To Fame, 10 Ways To Make Your Apartment Look Instantly Cleaner, 10 Items For A Chic And Minimalist Wardrobe, Side-Gig 101: Everything You Need To Know Taking It On, 10 Hard Skills To Add To Your Resume ASAP. Shes considered a member of the family, and even more so when we saw Beyonc shoo her away as she fussed over a close-to-malfunctioning dress at the Tidal event in 2015. Smith then left North Queensland mid-season to join the Hunter Mariners. Still, the most intriguing part of this song is "Ty Ty." WebJaden Smith and Willow Smith and Tyran 'Tata' Smith attend the Roc Nation and Three Six Zero Pre-GRAMMY Brunch at Private Residence on February 7, Roc Nation COO Desiree Perez and Tyran 'Tata' Smith attend 2020 Roc Nation THE BRUNCH on January 25, 2020 in Los Angeles, California. Kawanna Brown is married to Roc Nation CEO Jay Brownand currently serves as the Chief Operating Officer at Magic Johnson Enterprises. FRIENDS, a song by The Carters on Spotify, Tyran "Ty Ty" Smith Is The Carters' Friend You Should Be Concerned With. In a 2015 interview with the Fatherly parenting site Ty Ty spoke about how he and his Roc Nation family help guide each other alongside the parenting journey: "We have conversations about [parenting] all the time. Hes a dedicated supporter of the arts, having joined the Hammer Museums board of directors in 2018, as well as a champion of philanthropic causes. Its the greatest thing about friendship when youre able to grow up together and your children are able to grow up together and its just years upon years of beautiful friendship and sisterhood., Beyonc recently gave her management team a makeover (in 2016), and that came with some sacrifices: including the sacrifice of Beys long-time general manager, Lee Anne Callahan-Longo. I think the legacy you You could say that the godfather of their children is pretty tight in AmoMama creates engaging, meaningful content for women. And he just loves music. Brown and Smith spearheaded the new project through their Ty Ty & Jay Brown Productions banner. He tied the knot at only 17 years old. WebDez Bryant, Tyran "Ty Ty" Smith, Justise Winslow, Geno Smith and Jaiquawn Jarrett attend the Roc Nation Sports Miguel Cotto Vs Daniel Geale Fight at Lenny S., ROMANS, Tyran "Ty Ty" Smith and Marc Fineman attend The ROMANS Sessions at The Box Grow your brand authentically by sharing brand content with the internets creators. Our editorial content is not influenced by any commissions we receive. He was formerly the head of JP Morgan Chases sports and entertainment marketing department, and is now the chief operating officer (COO) of her company Parkwood Entertainment. Jay always knows how to influence you to be the best version of yourself, Brown says of Jay-Z. Jay-Z began on the streets of Brooklyn under the tutelage of Jaz-O, and Beyonc struck gold in Destinys Child (and other bands before then). Ty Ty Smith on fatherhood in hip hop, finding work life balance in the entertainment business and raising sons 17 years apart. For over two months, Smith packed his bags and lived in a small orange truck by the construction area. Its cool to be independent but its greater when the whole team is winning. I dont know what I would do without all of my crew, yeah I aint making no room, yeah, I aint making no new friends, Beyonc says in the first verse. Still, he continued to partake in interviews after his acting career ended. When the original deal went down, Brown took the CEO title and began to apply the knowledge hed gained from working with Jones, Rhone and Reid. But that feud was squashed around last year (according to a David Letterman interview), and its hard to trust the tabloids anywaytheir break-up mightve been blown out of proportion to begin with. Tap into Getty Images global-scale, data-driven insights and network of over 340,000creators to create content exclusively for your brand. So, I want him to have all the tools, I want him to have extra tools. His feud with his parents was also resolved as time passed. Wiki Bio of Tyran Ty-Ty Smith net worth is updated in 2023. He says of his signature contribution there, When I first met Rihanna, I knew that she was special. Collect, curate and comment on your files. How did you introduce hip hop to your son did you play him a particular first song? Add photos, demo reels Add to list More at IMDbPro Contact info Agent info Known for Annie 5.3 Producer 2014 State Property 4.3 Shareef (as Tyran 'Ty-Ty' Smith) 2002 Untitled Swizz Beatz/Onyx Project TV Series Producer Women of the Movement 7.5 After the Hunter Mariners were liquidated, Smith joined the Auckland Warriors and featured in ten games for them before signing with the Balmain Tigers for the 1999 season, Balmains final year as a stand-alone entity before they merged with fellow foundation club Western Suburbs to form the Wests Tigers as part of the NRL's rationalisation strategy. Theyve collaborated a lot and they have great chemistry (such as on SNL together), and they seem to randomly pop up together at events, which shows that the two clearly actually enjoy hanging out with each other. By the time the show ended, he was 16 and knew that acting would no longer be a part of his future career. Tyran Smith When you are as loyal as him there is a permanent seat for you on the ride to the top. Pregnancy and parenting news, given to you in a way nobody else has. Tyran JAY-Z is actually responsible for some of my legal fees, which I thought was the dopest in the world because it was some millions of dollars. Bey sings the chorus, refrain, and two verses following the notorious theme of #NoNewFriends. Jay Z and Beyonce took the world by storm this weekend by secretly dropping a duo album entitled, Love Is Everything. Besides his philanthropic efforts, Smith has been passionate about water-related activities. You know, I was very fortunate to grow up with a father. I want him to go to college because, at the end of the day, were still African American. I am looking forward to a visual for this song as I will like to see if The Carters show the world who truly matter in their personal life. Considering his insights on things like work/life balance and the evolving role of fatherhood in hip hop, it appears Smith has figured a few things out since then. [4], Over a 13-season career, he played in the NSWRL Premiership, Australian Rugby League, Super League and finally the National Rugby League. Even if Solange and Jay-Z have had their share of tiffssuch as when she wildly attacked him in an elevator at the Met Gala in 2014the three have moved beyond the incident. I can be anywhere in the world and Ill make sure Im home on Saturday and Sunday. Smith Speaking on "Inside Edition," he gave a glimpse into his role in the volunteer program and the materials he used to rebuild homes. Jay-Z called Chris Martin a modern-day Shakespeare in 2017 (via The Independent), and the longtime friends have been spotted hanging out with each other all the time, such as in 2017 after Beyonc broke the baby news. Check out the latest pictures, photos and images of Tyran 'Tata' Smith. Admittedly, Allen experienced alcohol dependency issues that led to a rehab stint and DUI arrest in the late '90s. Her image is so tightly drawn that the only people she is publicly associated with is her mother Tina, her sister Solange, her cousin Angie and her Destiny Child's bandmates Kelly and Michelle but as she states, her friends are "closer than kin." SMITH, TYRAN CARL 1994, 1996 - 97, 2000 - KIWI #658, "South Sydney Rabbitohs Rugby League Player Report - Tyran Smith", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyran_Smith&oldid=1105815728, New Zealand Mori rugby league team players, New Zealand national rugby league team players, All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 August 2022, at 23:18. Tyran Ty-Ty Smith wiki ionformation include family relationships: spouse or partner (wife or husband); siblings; childen/kids; parents life. WebTyran Smith is known for Annie (2014), State Property (2002) and Untitled Swizz Beatz/Onyx Project. | Source: Getty Images. I remember growing up, if the adults were having a conversation and I had an idea, Im not able to talk about it. Brown and Jay-Z have grown Roc Nation into a sprawling and diverse operation, but the companys primary focus continues to be its star-studded, ever-growing artist roster. Tyran Personally, I first heard his name at the 2008 Grammy Awards when Rihanna gave her acceptance speech for her award for "Umbrella," with JAY-Z. Meek Mill Lyric: When I say free the dogs, I free em. Tyran Required fields are marked *. You could say that the godfather of their children is pretty tight in the inner circle. Apparently, the man likes Mai Tais. More recently, Jay-Z launched the venture-capital fund Marcy Venture Partners, again partnering with Brown. As Jay Zs cofounder at the entertainment conglomerate Roc Nation, TyTy Smith builds musical empires for little acts you may have heard of, like Rihanna and J Cole. Upon listening to the album it makes sense that this would be the third in the trilogy of albums. On one end, Van Pelt accused her spouse of doing her wrong amidst his excessive partying. He just heard it. No, it made you withdraw, and it made you hide, it made you lie, right? When rappers rap about it, it makes it whack to not take care of your kid. Tyran [11], Smith is the brother-in-law of fellow NRL footballer Anthony Mundine, having married his sister, Kellie. WebJaden Smith and Willow Smith and Tyran 'Tata' Smith attend the Roc Nation and Three Six Zero Pre-GRAMMY Brunch at Private Residence on February 7, Roc Nation COO Desiree Perez and Tyran 'Tata' Smith attend 2020 Roc Nation THE BRUNCH on January 25, 2020 in Los Angeles, California. But it was Jay-Z who signed Rihanna to Def Jam Records and made her into the superstar that she is. Tyran If you dont allow yourself to get used to it, you wont be there. Roc Nations initial distribution deal, with Sony Music, was struck in 2009. Now, they are household names. He was only 17 when he married Heidi van Pelt on 27 April, 2001, Heidi was 33 and their marriage sparked a lot of controversy. However, Smith only featured in two games for the club, including its final-ever game which was against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in Round 18, 1997. The album was a longtime coming since the rumors first surfaced in 2014, around the time of the first 'On The Run' tour. So, it was just a question of when the album would be released. Boards are the best place to save images and video clips. He now works as a player agent. Tyran Im trying to apply patience. Simply the Worlds Most Interesting Travel Site. Tyran Smith Tyran Ty-Ty Smith can be an acting professional, known for Condition Home (2002) and Backstage (2000). Kawanna Brown is married to Roc Nation CEO Jay Brown and currently serves as the Chief Operating Officer at Magic Johnson Enterprises. Not subscribed to Fatherlys newsletter yet? Paltrow said of Beyonc, She is incredible; shes a great friend on every level. And Beyonc said of Paltrow, You go to her house and she makes you feel like you never want to go home. The album features 9 original songs, one visual and one bonus track. Were not mad, just disappointed. But in 2014, they amicably parted waysand it just so happened to coincide with the infamous altercation between Jay and Solange. Tyran 'Tata' Smith, recording artist Rihanna and actor He is responsible for overseeing the careers of Rihanna, Wale and Ne-Yo. Speaking of "FRIENDS," it is tied with "APESHIT" as my favorite not just because how I perceive it sonically but also the lyrics. Your son was already 7 years old when Jay Z and Beyonc had Blue Ivy. In a 2015 interview with the Fatherly parenting site Ty Ty spoke about how he and his Roc Nation family help guide each other alongside the parenting journey: "We have conversations about [parenting] all the time. The Getty Images design is a trademark of Getty Images. At one point, she lived with Beyoncs family due to family troubles at home. WebTyran 'Tata' Smith, recording artist Rihanna and actor Kevin Hart attend the Roc Nation Pre-GRAMMY Brunch Presented by MAC Viva Glam at Private Residence on January 25, 2014 in Beverly Hills, Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images It didnt stop me from doing anything bad. Were going to parent each others kids because were family. Tyran is a Roc Nation co-founder, and on Friends Jay-Z revealed that he and Beyonc even asked Smith to look after their kids if anything were to happen to them. Everyones path is different I didnt go to college but I got lucky. WebTyran Smith is known for Annie (2014), State Property (2002) and Untitled Swizz Beatz/Onyx Project. Instagram Your email address will not be published. The only person that Jay-Z fully trusts with his music, and has for many years, is his sound engineer Young Guru. Smith She recently was credited as an executive producerof4:44visuals BAM, 4:44, and Moonlight., A post shared by L A W (@supremestreet) on Dec 4, 2016 at 9:42am PST. Smith had his first son when he was just 16 and, didnt know what the fk I was doing, but the 42-year-old is also father to a 9-year-old boy. A TASTE OF RAINMAKERS II: JAY BROWN : HITS Daily Double I couldnt go to Citibank and get a job I dont have that information. Wiki Bio of Tyran Ty-Ty Smith net worth is updated in 2023. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. We parent each However, Smith's career was short-lived, and the sitcom became the last show he appeared on. Kim Jinhwan (iKON) - Age, Height, Parents, Net Wor Khalyla's Biography, Age, Ethnicity. Tyran Back in the early 80s through the 90s, Jay-Zs mentor was Jaz-O. They then added a second daughter in September 2020 called little Rue Rose. She was16, but she was poised You just knew that she was there. WebView 2 Tyran 'Tata' Smith and Jaden Smith Photos Show Jaden Smith With: Will Smith, Willow Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith, Jackie Chan, Kylie Jenner Tyran Ty-Ty Smith Net Worth They then added a second daughter in September 2020 called little Rue Rose. Copyright 2023 - KarenCivil.com | Privacy, Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), A post shared by Desiree Perez (@des.perez). Before Roc Nation, Brown worked with Jay while he served as Executive Vice President for Def Jam Recordings. Roc Nation co-founder Jay Brown has succeeded beyond his wildest dreams. And she felt that probably would have been her kids, so she never had kids. You come from a pretty modest background, financially, and never went to college but still rose to the top of the entertainment business. [9][10], In 2002, Smith joined the Canberra Raiders and spent four years at the club, including the Raiders 2003 and 2004 finals campaigns. You cant escape that shit. Tyran Tata Smith Premium High Res He doesnt look at it as working relationshipits a partnership, a family atmosphereand its a culture that cant be purchased.. Lyric: When I say free the dogs, I free em. Meek Mill Lyric: When I say free the dogs, I free em.
