list of fringe science theories
Scientists must evaluate the plausibility of each new fringe claim, and certain fringe discoveries "will later graduate into the ranks of accepted" while others "will never receive confirmation". To determine whether something is pseudoscientific or merely an alternative theoretical formulation, consider this: Alternative theoretical formulations generally tweak things on the frontiers of science, or deal with strong, puzzling evidencewhich is difficult to explain awayin an effort to create a model that better explains reality. Brooks-Baker traced the lineage of 33 US presidents back to Alfred the Great and Charlemagne. Even reputable news outlets have been known to publish credulous profiles of fringe theories and their proponents, and there continue to be many completely unreliable sources masquerading as legitimate. However, meeting this standard indicates only that the idea may be discussed in other articles, not that it must be discussed in a specific article. In 1405, the document was banned by the church, and in 1543, it was used by Martin Luther to condemn Jews. One study indicated that over 100 manuscripts of the book still exist, with the oldest from the 11th century. Dr. Robert Carton of the Environmental Protection Agency has claimed that fluoridation is the greatest case of scientific fraud of the century, if not of all time. On the other hand, the Center for Disease Control lists water fluoridation as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century, its used by dentists everywhere (theyre the people who care about your teeth), and its found in many toothpaste brands. Here are the top ten fringe sciences and theories that could become mainstream in your lifetime: Fringe Sciences: Cybernetics Source: Alpha Coders Cybernetics is the study and re-creation of control systems (the nervous system, the brain, and mechanical-electrical communication systems). Fringe: Season 1 [Blu-ray] 883929075812 | eBay His suggested methods include impeccable accuracy, checking cited sources, not overstating orthodox science, thorough understanding of the Wegener continental drift example, examples of orthodox science investigating radical proposals, and prepared examples of errors from fringe scientists. Notability can be determined by considering whether there are enough reliable and independent sources that discuss the person in a serious and extensive manner, taking care also to avoid the pitfalls that can appear when determining the notability of fringe theories themselves. In 2002, the Franklin Prophecy was mentioned by Osama Bin Laden in his Letter to the American People. Many aspects of the theory point to a clear forgery and hoax. The governing policies regarding fringe theories are the three core content policies, Neutral point of view, No original research, and Verifiability. Critics of the theory say that the odds of being related to a member of the British Royal Family are extremely high. For this reason, notability guidelines for fringe topics are stricter than general notability guidelines: the notability of a fringe theory must be judged by statements from verifiable and reliable sources, not the proclamations of its adherents. Fittingly, another term for these schools of thought is fringe science one that Gordin prefers, after researching fringe theories since the late 1990s. Top 10 Most Famous Scientific Theories (That Turned out to be Wrong) The idea has been picked up by journalists in Palestine, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, who have claimed that Franklins prophecy is now coming true in the US administration.. It is also best to avoid hiding all disputations in an end criticism section, but instead work for integrated, easy to read, and accurate article prose. Almost immediately, they started to complain of respiratory distress and illness. For example, in the article about Bigfoot, a verifiably attributed and accurately preserved quotation might take the following form: The Bigfoot Field Researchers Association has stated, "Scientists from various disciplines put the most compelling sasquatch evidence to the test. 10 Fantastically Far-Fetched Fringe Theories - Listverse So far, Fomenko and his believers continue to work on their theory, despite being criticized by mainstream historians and scientists for their unconventional methods and views. [2] For writers and editors of Wikipedia articles to write about controversial ideas in a neutral manner, it is of vital importance that they simply restate what is said by independent secondary sources of reasonable reliability and quality. Fringe reports have been published claiming that Tokyo is becoming highly contaminated with radiation. In August 2013, the Japanese government announced that Fukushima had experienced a massive leak of radiation-contaminated water. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Other considerations for notability should be considered as well. Superseded_scientific_theories - chemeurope.com In 1919, the British-Israel-World Federation was set up in London and joined by some prominent political figures, including the Prime Minister of New Zealand, William Massey. A superseded, or obsolete, scientific theory is a scientific theory that was once commonly accepted but (for whatever reason) is no longer considered the most complete description of reality by mainstream science; or a falsifiable theory which has been shown to be false. The victims were given knives, hammers, and machetes to protect themselves. As a result, founders and believers of fringe theories often end up as objects of ridicule. Here are the top ten fringe sciences and theories that could become mainstream in your lifetime: Cybernetics is the study and re-creation of control systems (the nervous system, the brain, and mechanical-electrical communication systems). Although his fellow scholars tried their best to accommodate Hardouins theory, his constant push for these radical views eventually turned him into an outcast in the scientific community. Fringe views, products, or those who promote them, may be mentioned in the text of other articles only if independent reliable sources connect the topics in a serious and prominent way. Wikipedia is meant to be a tertiary source of information, summarizing the information gleaned from secondary sources, and in some cases from primary sources. If no independent reliable sources connect a particular fringe theory to a mainstream subject, there should not even be a link through a see also section, lest the article serve as a coatrack. He was not identified until a group of masked men stole the body from a local funeral home. What can we reasonably expect from ageing research? Note, however, that the mainstream scientific subjects are discussed and linked to in both of the above articles about fringe subjects (the Astrology article discusses astronomy, and Autodynamics discusses special relativity). For one, His crucifixion was too brief (around six hours) to ensure certain death. This is particularly true within articles dedicated specifically to fringe ideas: Such articles should first describe the idea clearly and objectively, then refer the reader to more accepted ideas, and avoid excessive use of point-counterpoint style refutations. Agran gained public support during his campaign, but he was banned from debates and conferences. McKenna based this theory mainly on his own experienceduring his lifetime, he personally indulged in numerous psychedelic substances. Jump to: navigation, search Part of a series on: Science When discussing topics that reliable sources say are pseudoscientific or fringe theories, editors should be careful not to present the pseudoscientific fringe views alongside the scientific or academic consensus as though they are opposing but still equal views. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Primary sources about research and investigations should only be used to verify the text and should not be relied on exclusively as doing so would violate Wikipedia's policies on original research. They are needed to demonstrate that an idea is sufficiently notable to merit a dedicated article about it. [2]:58[3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators,[2]:173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts is a very potent incentive to accepting pseudoscientific claims". Fringe theory - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core Some historical ideas that are considered to have been refuted by mainstream science are: Relatively recent fringe sciences include: Some theories that were once rejected as fringe science, but were eventually accepted as mainstream science, are: Michael W. Friedlander has suggested some guidelines for responding to fringe science, which, he argues, is a more difficult problem[2]:174 than scientific misconduct. Well, not all of us, but scientists speculate that early hominids ate magic mushrooms as a regular part of their diet, and by 5000 BCE Sumerians were smoking opium to experience more joy. We can thank those two for fringe outfits, flower headbands, and probably Coachella. It usually involves arguing that Louis Pasteur's model of infectious disease was wrong, and that Antoine Bchamp's was right. However, it also requires that they not be given undue weight. The idea was promoted by two men, Richard Brothers and John Wilson, who believed that Anglo-Saxons were descended from ancient Scythian tribes. 39462, posted 15 Jun 2012 12:52 UTC The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of R&D in the Pharmaceutical Industry Massoud Khazabi1 University of Ottawa The paper . While proper attribution of a perspective to a source satisfies the minimal requirements of Wikipedia's neutral point of view, there is an additional editorial responsibility for including only those quotes and perspectives which further the aim of creating a verifiable and neutral Wikipedia article. There are numerous reasons for these requirements. Jeffrey Amherst, infamous racist douchebag, goes down in history for giving Native Americans blankets covered in smallpox germs to Extirpate this Execrable Race.. Fringe views are properly excluded from articles on mainstream subjects to the extent that they are rarely if ever included by reliable sources on those subjects. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, but material from reliable non-academic sources may also be used in these areas. So far, this unconventional view has sparked great controversy. It was initially reported that Todashev was killed while alone with the FBI agent. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. [3] Other examples include conspiracy theories and esoteric claims about medicine. Muhammad became the figurehead for the Arabs, the new Chosen People. Additionally, Kalisch states that the Quran itself heavily paralleled the Christian and Jewish texts. Yet. Proposals that are generally considered pseudoscience by the scientific community, such as astrology, may properly contain that information and may be categorized as pseudoscience. Hardouin believed the group had created the Greek versions solely to corrupt the peoplea plan foiled only by the timely distribution of the Latin version. Spin also examines the career of politician Larry Agran, who attempted to win the Democratic nomination for president in 1992. In late October 1948, something strange happened in Donora, Pennsylvania. There will be new insights in developing and proposing thesis proposals which will introduce various applications . How Tucker Carlson mainstreamed fringe conspiracy theories : NPR In the Middle Ages, the Toledot Yeshu was apparently used by some Jewish communities in order to discredit Christianity. The hypothesis argues that people who have better hygiene and effective medical care may have impaired regulatory T-cells. Brian Springer is a television director who promotes the fringe theory that a select group of US politicians, journalists, and television personalities have been using the media to sway public opinion and deceive the American populace. In the wake of the crisis, a large number of people in Donora got cancer. Scholarly opinion is generally the most authoritative source to identify the mainstream view. : Fringe science. Some journeyed even further, until they finally reached the Japanese islands, where they established the Shinto religion and the emperor system. All of it backed up by resource, experiments and information. The sourced contribution must simply aid in the verifiable and neutral presentation of the subject. The government officially reported that the smog was caused by a rare temperature inversion that caused sulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide, fluorine, and other poisonous gases to build to dangerous levels.
