characteristics of rivers in sierra leone
km. At 440 Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra The main daily maximum and minimum of The Parliamentary Register; or History of the Proceedings and Debates of the House of Commons, Vol. By Ade Daramy. Present State of the Colony of Sierra Leone, Being Extracts of Recent Letters from Hannah Kilham. Culture of Sierra Leone - history, people, clothing, traditions, women There is a marked difference between solar radiation in the dry and rainy (wet) 195180 was 122.7 in (311.6 cm). According to Western Agricultural Economics Association, (WAEA), (2008), Sierra Leone's groundwater resources have not been extensively studied. Sierra Leone Web. Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 520, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986b) CLOFFA 3. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. This list may not reflect recent changes . A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 71:381420, Leveque C (1997) Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa. The mean annual temperature is 26.6C northern border with Guinea. ) We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HBV infection enrolled between 30 April 2019 and 30 April 2021. (1990). In: Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective. The In South Africa, there are substantial groundwater reserves of freshwater, but precise estimates of recharge rates are uncertain, and so, therefore, is the renewable resource value of groundwater. Bumbuna hydroelectric project, Freetown; MRAG, London. middle of the country. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 1. pp 19, Hugueny B, Leveque C (1994) Freshwater fish zoogeography in West Africa: faunal similarities between river basins. rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters An Account of the Native Africans in the Neighbourhood of Sierra Leone; to which is added, an account of the present state of medicine among them. The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering - May 2013 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The river is hemmed between the Sula Mountains on the southeast and the grantoid hills of the Gbengbe and Kabal hills on the west. Rokel in the central region. The 5. Understanding of the ecological characteristic of the fish species also allows the potential impacts of hydropower schemes and other commercial projects on the fish and fisheries to be assessed. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors on Wednesday the 26th October, 1791. By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1791. The West African country of Sierra Leone occupies an area of 71,740 sq. During the dry [3] The area is mainly mangrove swamps but also includes tidal freshwater swamp forests.[4]. The needs for conservation are considered and the particular need for genetic conservation and the preservation of the riverain forests emphasised. rivers. East of the plains, the land rises to a broad, [6] Ernest Graham Ingraham, D.D. Hovercraft, or helicopter services are no longer running. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. Scanned by Google. Includes notes on the history of the Vai people. The estuary is also important for shipping. Scanned by Google. An Authentic Account of the Late Expedition to Bulam, on the Coast of Africa; with a description of the present settlement of Sierra Leone, and the adjacent country. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2. Centr. . P. 272: "There is no protectorate, nor anything analogous thereto, exercised over any part of the country." whereas in the wet season the average salinity value is 19.7/00 (Longhurst, 1983). Guinea Current (GC) which runs along the West African coast from Senegal to the Bight of A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. The Portuguese in Africa, 1415-1600 | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of lignite. Scanned by Google. 402 kilometers (250 miles), Territorial sea limits: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184576, Sayer JA, Harcourt CS, Collins NM (1992) The conservation atlas of tropical forests: Africa. Scanned by Google. The Rokel/Seli River descends from the Guinea highlands and drains westward through Sierra Leone into the Atlantic Ocean. The occurrence of fish species by major river in Sierra Leone was finally put together as a checklist for the country by Paugy et al. We report baseline characteristics and 1 year retention outcomes for patients enrolled in a HBV clinic integrated within chronic disease services in a rural district hospital in Sierra Leone. The estuary which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) became a Ramsar wetland site of importance in 1999. prevailing winds from the southwest monsoon characterize the rainy Apart from a mountainous peninsula some 45 km long, the coastal zone is flat with a fringing mangrove swamp extending 30 km inland. * List of rivers of Sierra Leone; B. Bankasoka River; J. Jong River; K. Kolent River; L. Little Scarcies River; M. Mano River; Moa River; R. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. which extends 48 km eastward. Published in 1899. There are oil and gas reserves under the ocean floor off the coast of temperature is about 27C (81F) on the coast and almost as 40 kilometers (25 miles) long and about 16 kilometers (10 miles) wide. CAS The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). . miles) from east to west, Land boundaries: Hobson, 1902. Bull. Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. The oceanographic factors affecting the hydrographic regime, the estuaries and a depth of 200 m is about 27 500 km2. The lake and fish: feeding habits. The interior plains lie inward and are covered by seasonal swamps in the north and rolling wooded country in the south. The mean Sierra Leone - Encyclopedia of the Nations It is indented with many estuaries and creeks. Scanned by Google. Elizabeth Melville was the wife of a judge of the Mixed Commission Court in Freetown. The dynamics of fish populations in two African rivers are being investigated with a view to developing fishery management models for tropical non-floodplain rivers. [9] The trade was quite substantial for a while but eventually went into decline. The Sierra Leone estuaries have salt wedges reaching 56 kn in the wet season. The provinces are Eastern, Northern, North Western, and Southern. [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. Scanned by Google. the extent of fishing activities is water movement. (Watts, 1958). (PDF) Freshwater fishes of Sierra Leone and Liberia: annotated Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 1. Tucker (1973) and Strasser-King (1979) recognize the following features: Sand bars, parallel to the current direction and occurring mainly in lower by H. Caswall, Volume 4. Pap. harmattan The project implementation was assisted by China for sugarcane cultivation. [1] Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40km) from the port of Pepel. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616km) and 25 miles (40km) long. The Rokel River (also Seli River; previously Pamoronkoh River) is the largest river in the Republic of Sierra Leone in West Africa. Longhurst (1983) gives values of solar radiation at Freetown as Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. mountains. The original link is to Harvard University Department of Economics. Finally, further inland, covering nearly the entire easter half of Sierra Leone is a plateau and mountain region. the distribution and constituents of benthic fauna. Rokel River, also called Seli River, river rising in the Guinea Highlands in north central Sierra Leone, West Africa. the sea. Convention ORSTOM-OMS, Paris, p 393, Leveque CE, Paugy D (1999) Les poisons des eaux continentales africaines: diversite, ecologie, utilisation par lhomme. There is marked fluctuation of total river flows along the coast kilometers (5 to 25 miles). By James McQueen, 1825. Slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina, Sierra Leone, which are lined with mangroves. Freetown and Pepel are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary. Scanned by Google. (submerged sand banks) that comprises the Bissagos Archipelago, off Guinea-Bissau in the http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm. Includes several references to Sierra Leone, including the death of Prince Naimbonna (sic. Recounts the story of Bai Bureh on p. 15-16 and mentions Sierra Leone on p. 260. topography of the coastal sector of Sierra Leone is shown in Figure 1. The mangrove swamps are broken up by numerous creeks, behind which are mangroves and strips of freshwater swamp forest. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. A representation of present-day distribution of sediments Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 438, Leveque C, Paugy D (1984) Guide des Poissons dEau douce de la zone du Programme de Lutte Contre lOnchocercose. 4B), butas it is cutintotheBullomSeriesslumpingof material makesaccurateheightdeterminationdifficult. (African Issues Series). Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, McCarton B (1987) The population dynamics of some species of fish in the river Taia. The Colonial Controversy, containing a refutation of the calumnies of the Anticolonists; the state of Hayti, Sierra Leoneand the state of free and slave labourers in those countries. moderately elevated plateau interspersed with occasional hills and https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5. of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce 71,740 square kilometers (27,699 square miles), Highest point on mainland: International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series University of Tel Aviv Press, Tel Aviv, pp 534543, Payne AI, Arthur RI (2010) Sugar to ethanol project: fisheries impact assessment. Google Scholar, Bernacsek GM, Hughes RH, Hughes JS (1992) A directory of African wetlands. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of . It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (6-16 km) and 25 miles (40 km) long. Leone ODA, London, p 362, Payne AI, Baneh D, Conteh J (2009) Fish survey of the Gola Forest reserve. 69. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507, Article Sierra Leone Web - Sierra Leone Books http://www.sierra-leone.org/index.html Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). rise to deposits of lignite. Rev Hydrobiol Trop 23:329350, Paugy D, Leveque C, Teugels GG (2003) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa. Unable to display preview. the capital city of Freetown. It is suggested that this factor is probably the rainfall and discharge pattern as evidenced by the coincidence, almost exactly, of the Upper Guinean with the 2500mm per year isohyet. By the Right Rev. Sierra Leone. Gallinas and Sulima Rivers and the currents of these two rivers have formed a sand Scanned by Google. Mountains and flows west to the Atlantic Ocean near Freetown. It is formed by the Port Loko Creek and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616 km) and 25 miles (40 km) long. Based on Longhurst (1983). Colonies and Slaves: Relating to Colonies; Africans Captured; Jamaica; Slave Emancipation; Slave Trade. There are many projects developed in the river basin which derive their water supply requirements from this river. The UN and Sierra Leone: An Enduring Relationship. By Granville Sharp, 1788. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. This represents 16.4% of the annual exploitable surface runoff from rivers. The most significant dam in Sierra Leone is the Guma Valley Dam, which Environ Biol Fish 101, 843864 (2018). The eight species of palaearctic migrant waders recorded are:[1], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}833N 1248W / 8.55N 12.80W / 8.55; -12.80. The districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra. During the rainy season it is risky for the canoe fishermen Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). House of Commons, from page 316, 1791. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of the major rivers. In: Proceedings International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. region, erosion has formed a large area By Robert Thorpe, 1815. https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone-River, Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations - Sierra Leone. Springer, Dordrecht. estuaries whose river channels, like that of the Sierra Leone River, The highest point in the country, the 1,948 m tall Mount Bintumani of the Loma Mountains, is located here. The 200year history of deforestation across Sierra Leone is outlined but the much more extensive impacts on the western and central river basins compared to the more protected forests in the east does not appear to have been reflected in major impacts on species distribution. Understanding is probably now sufficient to allow a proper assessment of the conservation status of these previously poorly known species to be carried out. (July 23, 2022). Corrections? The phenomenon of reversal of current is more marked in the coastal There are three major island groups off the coast of Sierra Leone: the Contains several entries concerning the cost of maintaining the Freetown colony and disposition of freed slaves. Misc Zool 22:2940, Reynolds JD (1970) Biology of the small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana, Pt 1. Musee Roy. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 19th March, 1798. PubMedGoogle Scholar. PDF THE SIERRA LEONE RIVER ESTUARY - WA BiCC Sherbro River has strong tidal streams at Sherbro entrance with a rate of 4 kn at half Iron ore and alluvial gold mining began in the late 1920s and early 1930s, while the Bumbuna Falls hydroelectric project is underway. and marine processes. J Fish Biol 13:627629, Payne AI (1983) Estuarine and salt tolerant tilapia species. Scanned by Google. Some of the major ones like Rokel River, Taia River, Moa River, and Sewa River have been marked on the map. A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat . Slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina, Sierra Leone, which is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern part of West Africa. Sample collected at Madidi National Park, Bolivia (2019). Scanned by Google. The area is known to be situated in the area of permanence of the Guinean waters. Scarcies Rivers: Great Scarcies (Kobuter River) is relatively narrow and its banks - 103.146.177.212. Pages in category "Rivers of Sierra Leone" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. Sierra Leone River - Wikipedia The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature, Volume 65. A Complete Collection of the Treaties and Conventions, and Reciprocal Regulations at Present Subsisting Between Great Britain and Foreign Powers. Macaulay was twice Governor of Sierra Leone between 1794 and 1799. This river is tidal and during the This indicates that the fish communities in the rivers of the Upper Guinean region are not so dependent on the equatorial forests that covered most, but not the entire region, but rather some other factor. South of the Zambezi there are very few natural freshwater lakes. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 4, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 740, Dorward DC, Payne AI (1975) Deforestation, the decline of the horse and the spread of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis (ngaana) in nineteenth century Sierra Leone. climate; temperatures stay fairly constant throughout the year. Sierra Leone, or the Liberated Africans, in a Series of Letters from a Young Lady to Her Sister in 1833 and 34, The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the Reign of D. Alfonso V., Volume II. Scanned by Google. http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm 338 kilometers (210 miles) from north to south; 304 kilometers (189 Mean monthly temperatures The range of salinity values is correlated with amount of rainfall and effluents of Sierra Leone Maps & Facts - World Atlas range 2627C and 2829C for the wet and dry season, respectively (Williams, 1968). Scanned by Google. A brief account of the characteristics of some of the MRAG Ltd, London, p 77, Payne AI, McCarton B (1985) Estimation of population parameters and their application to the development of fishery management models in two African rivers. Moa. Scanned by Google. The fuma1 lists are based on the literature dafa and on the collections of. By Hannah Kilham, 1832. The clays deposited in tidal flats are subsequently invaded by Bonthe are given in Appendix 2. Journal of the House of Comments, Vol. [7] Geologically it is a tectonically controlled basin with formations of Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian and Pleistocene age. Rainfall is greatest along the coast, especially in the In the southern section of the plateau LVI and XXVII). This article related to a river in Sierra Leone is a stub. Two Voyages to Sierra Leone during the years 1791-2-3. Scanned by Google. The Debate on a Motion for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, &c. British Parliament, House of Commons, 1792. The continental shelf It is also reported that its orogeny belongs to the Pan African thermo-tectonic age of about 550 Ma. reaches a width of 125 km (Longhurst, 1983); it is wider in the northern sector and [11] The site is bounded by Cape Point on the western side of the Freetown, by the Bunce River on one of its banks, and the Tagrin Point where areas of the Rokel joins at the southern end of its mouth. Some shifting openings in this barrier allow water from the Gallinas and Sulima to reach The Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. Intertidal flats containing sediments of grain size varying from clay to Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. Published in 1825. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. TOPOGRAPHIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS, 2.2.1 Bottom types and littoral morphology, 2.2.1 Thermal stratification and salinity factor. By Edmund D. Morel, E.D.M., 1902. Most of the small lakes in Sierra Leone are located in the south. [8], John MacCormac, an Irish businessman, settled on Timbo Island in 1816 and started exporting African Oak from the Rokel River. The hydrographic regime of Sierra Leone waters is characterized by a relatively Historic photos of Sierra Leone from the United Nations Photo Library. British House of Commons, Sessions 1813-1814. Loma Mansa (1,948 meters/6,391 feet), Lowest point on land: Sierra Leone is drained by several rivers crisscrossing the country. XXIX. Written by Sen Farren, and published in 2011 by the Sierra Leone Irish Partnership. Scanned by Google. The surface layer is warm and its temperature is Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Part of Springer Nature. Travels in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Prices Island, etc. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Gallinas and Sulima Rivers: The strong surf around the estuaries of the They correspond almost totally to the baseflow of the rivers, and the permeability of the substratum is high. April, with a wet season occurring during the rest of the year. winds blow from the Sahara Desert, bringing sandstorms but little rain. Scanned by Google. Sierra Leone Bordering Countries: Recharge estimates from 16 109 m3 per annum to 37 109 m3 per annum have been suggested (South Africa, Department of Water Affairs 1986), but only a small portion of this can be recovered economically. PDF copy. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Abell R, Michele LT, Rvavenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Barderas SD, Stiassny ML, Skelton P, Allen GR, Unmack P, Naseka A, Ng R, Sindorf N, Robertdon J, Armijo E, Hoggins JV, Heibel TJ, Wikramanyake E, Olson D, Lopez HL, Reis RE, Lundberg JG, Sabaj Perez MH, Petry P (2008) Freshwater ecoregions of the world: a new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Our Beautiful Planet: Photos from Columbia Climate School (2023 Edition) [14] The Magbass Irrigation Project was implemented downstream of the dam. Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Summary The shoreline of Sierra Leone is approximately 560 km long and includes the estuaries of three large rivernetworks (Scarcies, Sierra Leone and Sherbro) and four coastal islands. Sea level, Hemispheres: List of rivers of Sierra Leone - Simple English Wikipedia, the free with occasional thin beds of argillaceous limestone and calcareous grit and, also, seems The present-day coastline of Rokel River and its tributaries are defined as the "Rokel River Group" for geological study. In: Pullin RSV, Lowe-Mconnell RH (eds) The biology and culture of tilapias. Outlines of a Grammar of the Vei Language, Together With a Vei-English Vocabulary, and an Account of the Discovery and Nature of the Vei Mode of Syllabic Writing. Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 2 continue to flow under the sea. The Universal Gazetteer, Being a Concise Description, Alphabetically Arrangedin the Known World. (= 80F) with the range of 5.6C (42C). Five species of small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana showed a die periodicity in catches, and were strongly attracted to light, suggesting a diel vertical movement occurs so that the fish can exploit a feeding ground at its richest moments, and at times when they are least conspicuous to predators. predominantly muddy areas shaded and the predominantly sandy areas of Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)[1] noted around the river's ria. By John Walker, 1798. The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its waters of Sierra Leone are affected by influx of solar energy. The cichlids in Barombi Mbo probably evolved there from two or three ancestral populations and now show clear ecological separation in their feeding and breeding, and the problem of speciation within the lake is of particular interest. The Sierra Leone Web is independent, not affiliated with any institution, organisation or government. border with Liberia. Republic of Sierra Leone, Area: Rokel River (Seli River) List of rivers of Sierra Leone - Wikipedia The surface area of Sierra Leone is 71 620 km 2. Wadstrom, 1794. Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. MSC theisis, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 209, Henderson HF, Welcomme RL (1974) The relationship of yield to morpho-edaphic index and numbers of fishermen in African inland fisheries. This point shapefile includes estimation on the economic value of the exposed assets in Sierra Leone as well as their physical characteristics in u. Sierra Leone's varied terrain includes the striking, mountainous Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. The most significant features are the Sierra Leone Peninsula, where the continental shelf basin between Saint Ann Shoals and the Bissagos Islands (Longhurst, ), 1794. It is bordered by two countries; Guinea to the northeast and Liberia to the southeast. These are local government units headed by tribal, hereditary chiefs. Several islands, including Tasso Island (the largest), Tombo Island, and the historically important Bunce Island, are located in the estuary.[2]. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 64. upwelling areas of North-West Africa and central Gulf of Guinea by a complex of shoals Scanned by Google. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy. J Zool Lond 176:247269, Payne AI (1976) The determination of age and growth in Barbus liberiensis from the scales. The South Atlantic Ocean borders it to the southwest. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Rokel River - Wikipedia S. Gregory, M.a., Ph.d. - Jstor Final Report. British Museum (Natural History) Publication Number 878, pp 583, Trewavas E, Green J, Corbet SA (1972) Ecological studies on crater lakes in West Cameroon: fishes of Barombi Mbo. The hydropower potential of Sierra Leone is estimated at 1513MW, scattered in 27 sites . By Elizabeth Melville, edited by Hon.
